The Scriptural text which has been formalized in our era is the product of human decisions over the course f the past centuries. Changes in the text, the various versions, and the precisions in reading the Scriptural text lead to one clear conclusion: the text was written in different eras, leading to its final crystallization. In this section we present the curious reader with the versions of the Torah text, interpretations of Chazal based on mistaken versions, sections whose content points to later authorship, and the way in which it was determined which books would be included in the Holy Writ.
The Variety of Torah Texts

The Variety of Torah Texts

An organized table showing the differing texts within three contemporary versions of the Torah and the differences between the Talmud,

On Letter Skips in the Torah

On Letter Skips in the Torah

We will show that thousands of letters were changed over the course of generations, a matter which did not stop

The differences between the Babylonian tradition of the Torah and our text

The differences between the Babylonian tradition of the Torah and our text

A table with the differences between the Babylonian Masoretic text and the modern version is brought. In this table

A comparison between the modern text of Genesis and the Septuagint

A comparison between the modern text of Genesis and the Septuagint

To help complete the picture of the changes to the Scriptural text we present to our readers the Septuagint text

The Scroll of Esther–A Historical Romance

The Scroll of Esther–A Historical Romance

How a comical story turned into part of the Holy Writ.

Additional Articles About Torah Text

The Prophet Ezekiel Contradicts the Words of the Torah

The Prophet Ezekiel Contradicts the Words of the Torah

How the traditional rabbis handled the contradictions in Ezekiel.

Each generation and its own Holy Writ

Each generation and its own Holy Writ

The Holy Writ was finalized in the first centuries CE according to arbitrary decisions by the Sages.

How to measure time; what are the ages of rocks and geological sites?

How to measure time; what are the ages of rocks and geological sites?

By Prof. Oded Navon, Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Institute of Earth Sciences, and Dr. Mordechai Stein, a researcher at the

Vayera

Vayera

The Sages, on their own authority, corrected verses of the Scriptures.

Toldot

Toldot

Distortions which occurred in the text of the Torah "from Sinai".

Vayishlach

Vayishlach

Scriptural verses written after Sinai.

Shemot

Shemot

Changes in the script and language of the Torah since Sinai.

Vayakhel

Vayakhel

Actions forbidden on the Sabbath were determined by the Sages and are not even hinted at in the Torah.

Devarim

Devarim

Ibn Ezra: criticism in the face of tradition.

Pamphlet 9

Pamphlet 9

This pamphlet shows changes between the ancient Hebrew script and the modern and discusses in which script the Ten Commandments

V’Zot HaBracha

V’Zot HaBracha

Sections of the Torah were written after the era of Moses.